History And Advancement Of Anabolic Steroids - 1667 Words

History of Steroids So as to follow the history and advancement of anabolic steroids from their starting to their present day structure, we initially need to think back towards old times, when it was realized that the testicles were required for both the improvement and upkeep of male sexual qualities. In advancement, this idea was further created, by a researcher named Berthold and his examinations on cockerels done in 1849. He expelled the testes from these winged creatures, and they lost a few of the attributes basic to the male of their species, including sexual capacity. In this way, we knew as right on time as 1849 that the testicles worked to elevate what we consider to be essential male sexual properties; at the end of the day, they are what make men into men. Berthold additionally found that if the testicles were uprooted and after that transplanted to the stomach area, the sexual capacity of the winged animals was to a great extent unaffected. At the point when the fowls were analyzed, it was found that no apprehensive associations were shaped, yet a limitlessly broad arrangement of capillarization occurred. (1) This gave solid confirmation that the testes follow up on the blood (2) and he further inferred this blood then systemically affected the whole living being. Anabolic Steroid history, along these lines, can be really said to have made its initial step with this straightforward arrangement of tests. Later, in 1929 a method to deliver a concentrateShow MoreRelatedEffectiveness Of Performance Enhancing Drugs3508 Words   |  15 Pagessystem, proving performance enhancing drug testing is a flawed system that needs to be taken out of professional sports. The use of performance-enhancing drugs goes back decades, and possibly all the way to the first olympic games. The article â€Å"History of Steroids,† says that the first olympic athletes would ingest animal testicals prior to competition. It is doubtful that these athletes understood their actions, but they were headed in the right direction. The thought of ingesting testicals may soundRead MoreThe Effect of Steriods in Major League Baseball Essay1343 Words   |  6 Pageswith technology every year making faster and stronger players. The use of steroids became rampant and spread among players and has carried them away from the true history of the game they play. Controversy still today runs around the sport today about fines, punishments and record breaking. The past two decades of Major League Baseball have been tainted because of the use of performance enhancing drugs, also known as steroids, causing the loss of many fans and the true meaning of America’s favoriteR ead MoreThe Benefits of Performance Enhancing Drugs Among Athletes Essay1044 Words   |  5 Pagesperformance-enhancing drugs available on the market today, including steroids, growth hormone stimulants, pain killers, and diuretics. Most athletes strive for success in the sense that motivation comes from gaining college scholarships to high-paying positions on professional teams or becoming an Olympic gold medalist. When most people think of performance-enhancing drugs, the first thought that comes to their minds is the illegal ones, like steroids, but today, more non-illegal drugs like creatine and androstenedioneRead MoreDrug And Medicine Of The Medical Field And Classification Of Medicine1368 Words   |  6 Pagesor diagnosis of disease or used to otherwise enhance physical or mental well-bein. pharmacotherapy is an important part of the medical field and relies on the science of pharmacology for continual advancement and on pharmacy for suitable department. The world of drug is huge; it has a great history, so it should have classified ; scientists’ efforts in this field and classification of medicine. Drug is existed form ancient ages in different cultures. Types of drugs in increase becauseRead MoreCritical Analysis Essay : Animal Cruelty1785 Words   |  8 PagesCritical Analysis Essay (Title TBA) Human history has consisted of animals being the foundation of our success as a continually thriving species. Animals affect the nature of everything around us; basic human necessities such as food and clothing are products of animals, other more desirable things include security, companionship, entertainment etc. Many animals are often mistreated due to human agenda and human desires. Humans have become the dominating species of our world, because of this, weRead MoreVitamin C And Its Effect On Human Body9946 Words   |  40 Pagesstored in liver and muscle as energy storage. The energy is produced by vitamin B3 by slaking radicals which also provide protection against tissue damage. Niacin is also involved in genetic repair mechanism and secretion of hormones specifically steroids from adrenal glands. The role of niacin is also established in lowering the level of cholesterol in body thus niacin is usually prescribed to patients of high cholesterol and cardiac disorders. The food sources of vitamin B3 are chicken, tuna,

Independent Reading Project Creating a Museum of Living...

Independent Reading Project: Creating a Museum of Living Literature 1. Problem Statement In preparation for the Advanced Placement Literature and Composition exam, high school students must read many kinds of literature during the year-long course to familiarize themselves with different time periods, movements, philosophies, and genres. Advanced Placement students must learn to think critically, and be ready to find, analyze, and express literary connections through written analysis. The biggest challenge of teaching and learning Advanced Placement English is the difficulty covering the entire scope of literature in two semesters. Twentieth century literature often gets neglected. The pace of the curriculum can also limit†¦show more content†¦There is some ethnic diversity. Most of the students are Catholic. Most of these students could be considered ï ¿ ½giftedï ¿ ½. They all have above average intelligence and possess a variety of skills, talents, interests, and learning styles as one would expect to find in any group of teenagers. These students are highly motivated to succeed when they are challenged. They are college bound. Some of them will be attending the top universities of our country. 3. Theory Proposed As Solution I have designed a project-based activity that takes advantage of the six Cs of motivation. 4. Explanation of the Theory Motivation is essential to encourage students to go beyond simple declarative knowledge. If one of the goals of education is to develop higher order thinking, educators must engage students minds through multiple and challenging opportunities that encourage deeper understanding of curricular content (Blumenfield 1991). One way to foster this deeper understanding is to integrate motivational strategies into instructional design. The six Cï ¿ ½s of motivation (Turner 1995) are strategies to enhance studentsï ¿ ½ motivation to learn. They are: Choice Choice is a powerful motivator in education (Turner 1995). When students are given the freedom to choose what interests them, they become more engaged in their learning. They will take more personal responsibility in what they are learning. This lesson design allowsShow MoreRelatedArt as an Embodied Imagination22095 Words   |  89 Pagescontours of art appreciation in a museum. We argue that embodiment can be identiï ¬ ed at t wo levels: the phenomenological and the cognitive unconscious. At the ï ¬ rst level, individuals are conscious of their feelings and actions while, at the second level, sensorimotor and other bodily oriented inference mechanisms inform their processes of abstract thought and reasoning. We analyze the consumption stories of 30 museum goers in order to understand how people move through museum spaces and feel, touch, hearRead MoreArt as an Embodied Imagination22095 Words   |  89 Pagescontours of art appreciation in a museum. We argue that embodiment can be identiï ¬ ed at two levels: the phenomenological and the cognitive unconscious. At the ï ¬ rst level, individuals are conscious of their feelings and actions while, at the second level, sensorimotor and other bodily oriented inference mechanisms inform their processes of abstract thought and reasoning. We analyze the consumption stories of 30 museum goers in order to understand how people move through museum spaces and fee l, touch, hearRead MoreEssay about On Suburvanization and the Invention of the City2981 Words   |  12 Pagesthere were also basic logistical issues that had to be figured out. These questions involved how to acquire sewage systems, other basic utilities, and school systems (Jackson 138). There were a few basic approaches to solving these issues including creating new municipalities within the new periphery and cities expanding to annex areas in the new periphery (Jackson 138). The latter seemed to be the most prevalent tool to account for basic resources (Jackson 138), which ultimately led to cities’ expansionRead MoreSMSC12647 Words   |  51 Pagescurriculum and that every curriculum area includes some aims and objectives which make spiritual development more explicit in the teaching and learning process. The following are some examples: to develop the pupils’ capacity for critical and independent thought to foster the emotional life of individual pupils, particularly with regard to the experience and expression of their own feelings to provide opportunities for the expression of imagination, inspiration, insight, empathy and understanding Read MoreStatement of Purpose23848 Words   |  96 Pages............................. 30 III. Humanities and Literature................................................................................................... 31 African Studies...................................................................................................................... 31 Literature (American) ........................................................................................................... 33 Literature (English and American) ..............................Read MoreThe 7 Doors Model for Designing Evaluating Behaviour Change Programs13191 Words   |  53 Pageschange and social invitations to entice/kick us out of out comfy zones - thats where the other elements of the model come in. |Definition | |Shared purpose: A vision for living, running a business or household that: | |addresses real dissatisfactions of the people you want to act; | |crystallises a hopeful future; | |accords with theirRead MoreNon Profit Analysis Essay7109 Words   |  29 PagesNon-Profit Analysis Project Liberty University Penny LeBaron Busi 602 Carlson Hurst Part 1: Christian World View According to Del Tackett’s article on the Focus on the Family website, a person with a Biblical world view â€Å"believes his primary reason for existence is to love and serve God† (Tackett, 2012). Barna Research Group asks the following questions to determine if a person has a Biblical worldview: â€Å"Do absolute moral truths exist? Is absolute truth defined by the Bible? Did JesusRead MoreGlobalization and It Effects on Cultural Integration: the Case of the Czech Republic.27217 Words   |  109 Pagesprocess of globalization is said to have expanded almost through out the entire world either through transport, commerce, and communication. In addition, man’s activities on the globe are all located under these sectors. Culture, as a way of living of man, is identified by every one immediately after birth and was often seen as distinct from one another. However, with advent of the process of globalization, there is now the integration and homogenization of cultures. â€Å"Homogenization of culturesRead MoreLangston Hughes Research Paper25309 Words   |  102 Pageseligible to take the exam, Jim became angry and blamed the color line for blocking his progress. Searching for a better position, he eventually took a job in Mexico. Carrie refused to follow her husband. Instead, she traveled around the country, living with friends and relatives and working at temporary jobs as a maid or waitress. She had ambitions to become an actress, but roles for black women were scarce. Sometimes she took young Langston with her, but most of the time he stayed with his grandmotherRead MoreModule 3 : Multiple Intelligences7519 Words   |  31 Pagesdo for students who NEVER went to Pre-K? What if they don’t have those rich conversations or experiences to build on? Being able to discriminate what is seen is a vital skill needed for when students are in school. It can affect children with reading, writing, math and even social interactions. A successful reader is someone who is able to determine the differences between their letters and location of how the letters are placed together. For example, the ability required for being able to recognize

Art attack Essay Example For Students

Art attack Essay The show ended at San Franciscos Theater Rhinoceros one February night like any other. The audience applauded and went home; the cast washed up and headed out. One actor, pleased enough with his performance in a variety of roles in Joe Pintauros Wild Blue among them, a gay uncle making amends with an estranged niece and a gay actor with a younger lover left the theatre around 10:30, and within a couple of blocks was attacked by four men. Faggot! they screamed, as they punched and kicked him. He appeared on stage the next night with 20 stitches in his head. Incidents of violence against gay men and lesbians rose 31 per cent last year, with nearly 2,000 cases reported, according to the National Gay and Lesbian Task Force (NGLTF). Many more incidents go unreported. In one community survey, one out of four gay people said theyd experienced physical abuse; three out of four said they had been verbally abused. Across America, gay-bashing has become a sport. On warm weekend nights, young men fill their trunks with beers and baseball bats and drive into gay neighborhoods, where its open season on queers. Experts explain that typical bashers men between the ages of 15 and 25 are acting out of profound anxiety about their own sexual identity. Gays are achieving more visibility and a modicum of political power: gay rights legislation in Americas largest cities and several states; gay caucuses in churches and synagogues, some of which are ordaining gay and lesbian clergy; graduate students writing dissertations on gay and lesbian themes hoping to get Ph.D.s, and later jobs, in gay and lesbian studies. And in response, homophobes compensate with personal enforcement. They lash out, as if their own sexual insecurity and a perceived threat to their privilege could be beaten into oblivion. Things have gotten so bad in some neighborhoods of San Francisco, says Adele Prandini, artistic director of the gay and lesbian Theater Rhinoceros, Im getting letters from people saying they can no longer come to our theatre because they dont feel safe. A few weeks after the Wild Blue actor was attacked, a gay man was beaten unconscious on the same corner. Hes been in a coma ever since. Public response to such crimes, gay activists charge, ranges from discreet sympathy to utter indifference. The press has often been reluctant to report the gay-related aspects of bias crime. In New York, an anti-bias crime bill has been languishing in the state legislature for years, vehemently opposed by the Republican majority because the bill dares to define gay-bashing as a hate crime. Public schools have caved in to pressure from local religious institutions, refusing to include homosexuals in curricula aimed at combatting prejudice. Indeed, the NGLTF, releasing its annual report on gay-bashing in March, blamed political, religious and entertainment industry leaders for fostering a climate of homophobia in which violent assaults are tolerated and in some cases, even encouraged. This is the real trickle-down effect, Prandini says. The violence outside our theatre happens, in part, because anti-gay hatred is being fanned by people in power. The Vatican, for instance, in its 1986 l etter on the pastoral care of homosexuals declared, People should not be surprised when a morally offensive lifestyle is physically attacked. For gay men and lesbians working in the arts and by extension, all gay men and lesbians this second epidemic reaches beyond beatings outside bars and slurs snarled on streetcorners, to an aggressive strike against their most fundamental rights of expression. The infamous pledge on National Endowment for the Arts applications, for instance, equated homosexuality with obscenity, at the very time, says performance artist Tim Miller, when the need for representation is crucial to the ecology of gay and lesbian life. Little theatres in small cities (the very spaces that would surely be lost if the NEA were to close down, or decide to fund only the Metropolitan Museums and Boston Philharmonics) often must remove the funding credits on programs for Millers performances; still, audiences, especially young audiences, flock to his shows, he says, desperately needing to see images of ourselves other than the monstrous serial killers Hollywood keeps offering up. Of course, homophobia is nothing new in American culture, and the current melee can only be understood in the context of a wider onslaught a retrenchment, really against irreversible changes in Americas population, workforce, family structure and values. Gays, as during the purges of the McCarthy era, remain an acceptable target, especially as they represent, in conservative corners, a nexus of menace: subversive art, rejection of the nuclear family, repudiation of traditional gender roles and now, AIDS. Bashers take swings in a vain effort to stave off change. Presidential candidate Patrick Buchanan has, at least figuratively, wielded the bat himself, blaming gay men for AIDS and calling the virus divine retribution on an immoral lifestyle of a pederast proletariat. Most notoriously, he has bashed gays as a means of attacking the NEA. In this instance, the powers that be have been far from indifferent: They have joined the mob. Last February Buchanans campaign aired a television commercial in Georgia that showed frames of dancing men from Marlon Riggss elegiac film Tongues Untied while a voiceover charged President Bush with wast our tax dollars on pornographic and blasphemous art too shocking to show. Did the President (or any other candidate) publicly reject such a crass appeal to prejudice? No. Politicians make a cold if erroneous calculation that they will lose votes if they champion gay rights, says Urvashi Vaid, executive director of the NGLTF. Buchanans incendiary statements must be challenged by political leaders, but get attent ion only from the gay and lesbian community. Instead, the President responded by dismissing John Frohnmayer as chairman of the NEA, which had indirectly contributed $5,000 to the film about black gay men. Its a mistake, however, to blame Buchanan alone for forcing Frohnmayer to resign. Frohnmayer had been the target of a two-year campaign by Vice President Dan Quayle and then White House chief of staff John Sununu, who wanted to bulldoze the NEA into institutionalizing content-based criteria for arts funding; meanwhile, the justice Department actually suggested that the NEA remove from its mission statement a clause saying that every citizen of the United States is guaranteed freedom of expression. At the same time, the new, nationally organized, high-tech grassroots organization, the Christian Coalition, led by evangelical minister and 1988 Presidential candidate Pat Robertson (who supports Bush over Buchanan this time around), inundated the White House with petitions in February coincidently, just as the Buchanan ad was aired calling for the ouster of Frohnmayer. Certainly, none of these threats to the integrity of the NEA could come as a surprise. Since 1980, when Reagan first proposed dismantling the NEA altogether, the agency has remained an embarrassment to the Republican White House. As with so many other issues a voucher system for parochial schools, affirmative action rollbacks Reagan introduced a proposal that seemed too far out for congressional support. But the Bush administration, often egged on by sensationalist campaigns by the radical Right, has brought these proposals into the realm of respectable discussion, and the longer theyre discussed, the more legitimacy they seem to acquire. With each incremental gain dissent becomes more difficult. Without making a big claim for a causal connection, one may ask whether a climate in which the public has come to accept government restrictions on certain kinds of expression when it comes to art makes, for instance, the Pentagons ability to control news coverage of the Gulf War that much more acceptable. In the ongoing debate  over the National Endowment, proponents of arts funding have emphasized free-speech guarantees in arguing against content-based restrictions. In a stirring speech after his dismissal about Sen. Jesse Helmss attempts to prohibit the NEA from funding obscenity, Frohnmayer himself stated, All of us in government are sworn to defend the Constitution against all enemies, foreign and domestic, and for two-thirds of both houses to have voted for the last Helms language, which would pass constitutional muster on no level, in my view violates that oath. But artists embroiled in the controversy, as well as gay and lesbian critics and activists, have been frustrated by the arts communitys failure to recognize, name and renounce the homophobia driving attacks by Buchanan, Helms, American Family Association head Donald Wildmon and others. Playwright Tony Kushner points out that arts community leaders dont sufficiently acknowledge the extent to which gay and lesbian artists have been prime targets of the anti-art frenzy. Whats more, instead of understanding how gaybashing sets an acceptable ground for arts-bashing in general, activists explain, mainstream artists have often tried to distance themselves from the work under fire, arguing that most NEA money funds unobjectionable work, such as symphony orchestras and ballet companies. Many are fond of quoting a statistic showing that of the 64 cents each American taxpayer contributes to the NEA each year less than paltry to begin with only .02 cents goes to potentially controversial art. As actor Christopher Reeve told a crowd of some 2,000 rallying in New York against NEA restrictions in 1990, Were not fringe; were mainstream. This line of argument misses the point. For one thing, as performance artist Holly Hughes puts it, That so little money is spent on controversial work, work that challenges our complacency or that makes us look at whats going on in the world, is not something to brag about. For another, it just doesnt wash in Protestant-ethic America. Theres a longstanding mistrust of artists who represent, in our national tradition, the antithesis of all thats encompassed by the phrase traditional family values the cornerstone not only of campaigns of Buchanan, Helms and Wildmon, but the platform on which the American electorate put Ronald Reagan and George Bush in the White House. Artists are traditionally thought of as bohemian, explains Zelda Fichhandler, artistic director of the Acting Company and of New York Universitys graduate acting program. The arts permit maverick styles of living you dont have to have a house and two children to live in the arts world. So were considered nonconformist, nonconventional, even frivolous. Commenting on the pro-Nea mail coming from his constituency last year, one Congress member remarked, Most of my favorable letters are coming from actors and artists and very few from real people. Its no wonder artists arent counted as real people. According to an NEA report developed under Frank Hodsolls chairmanship, only nine American states require art classes in high school; more than 80 per cent of Americans have had no lessons in visual arts, ballet, creative writing, art appreciation or music appreciation. In Cincinnati in 1990, of 50 prospective jurors being considered for the obscenity trial of the Contemporary Arts Center, which had exhibited Robert Mapplethorpes photographs, the New York Times reported, only three had ever been to an art museum. With the examples of contemporary Western Art, as EssayThe U.S. Court of Appeals ruled that the law was, indeed, unconstitutional, but when the case moved on to the Supreme Court, no majority decision was reached. With Justice Powell absent due to illness, the Court was divided four-to-four, which meant that the ruling reverted to the Appeals Court decision and was therefore thrown out. Echoing one of Platos and later antitheatricalists biggest objections to actors, arguments supporting the statute focused heavily on the idea of role models. Just as Plato warned that art threatens the state by acquainting the public with evils that otherwise remain in the world of dreams, advocates of the Oklahoma law worried that pro-gay teachers, straight and gay alike, might give innocent pupils wicked ideas that would otherwise never occur to them. The Supreme Court hearings were a very scary moment, recalls Hunter, who attended the oral arguments in 1985. This should have been a blindingly simple First Amendment decision. It was amazing that four Justices could find those kinds of restrictions on speech to be constitutional. A year later, in Bowers v. Hardwick, the Court, in upholding Georgias anti-sodomy laws, ruled that the right to privacy does not extend to gay men and lesbians. Indeed, the Court opinion explicitly stated that certain sexual acts were no business of the state when performed by consenting heterosexual adults, but could be deemed illegal when engaged in by partners of the same sex. Thus gay and lesbian expression of the most intimate kind was officially excluded from constitutional protection. Describing or depicting such relationships, then, could easily be banished to a realm beyond the compass of the First Amendment. Certainly the aids  epidemic has brought these issues to the surface, as it has increased the visibility of gay men, for better and for worse. If a centuries-old association has linked gays to the arts, a simple syllogism of popular understanding now links the arts to AIDS. Crudely put, the reasoning runs: Arts=Gays; GAYS=AIDS; therefore, ARTS=AIDS. Never mind that this hysteria-driven logic is based on stereotypes and incomplete information, it goes a long way toward explaining the rancor toward art that deals with sexuality. Antitheatrical tirades over hundreds of years have often used disease imagery to denounce the dangerous contagion of the stage. Most virulently, the 17th-century English Puritans railed against the Elizabethan playhouses as hotbeds of impurity and contamination, both literal and figurative. As illness itself was considered a moral sentence, a sort of physical manifestation of evil inclinations, disease and blasphemy were wrapped up together in harangues against the theatre. Perhaps the most extreme example of the periods countless pamphlets calling for abolishing theatre (which was achieved with the closing of the playhouses in 1642) was William Prynnes Histriomastix (1633), a venomous and voluminous diatribe whose repetitious and remonstrative rhetoric prefigures that of Jesse Helms so precisely, its tempting to think that the North Carolina senator has studied it. In the extended title alone Prynne fulminates, That popular Stage-playes (the very Pompes of the Divell which we renoun ce in Baptisme, if we beleeve the Fathers) are sinfull, heathenish, lewde, ungodly Spectacles, and most pernicious Corruptions; condemned in all ages, as intolerable Mischiefes to Churches, to Republickes, to the manners, mindes, and soules of men. And that the Profession of Play-poets, of Stage players; together with the penning, acting, and frequenting of Stage-playes, are unlawfull, infamous and misbeseeming Christians. He filibusters on paper in this manner for hundreds and hundreds of pages. Some 300 years seem to vanish when Helms stands on the Senate floor waving this or that federally funded abomination or obscenity, instructing women to leave the room, describing how ill he feels at even contemplating such filth. Repeating this now trademark and highly theatrical trope, Helms has wagged Mac Wellman scripts, phone sex ads, Mapplethorpe photos, Public Broadcasting videocassettes, and has called for the banning of them all. One of the first props Helms brandished in what has become encore after encore of outrage, was a safe-sex comic book published by Gay Mens Health Crisis. In the battle over this audience-specific manual, AIDS and gay expression converge, and the question of government funding for objectionable material is played most blatantly in this double context. The controversy over the GMHC booklet, says Cindy Patton, author of Inventing AIDS, came at the end of a longer struggle between community health agencies and the Centers for Disease Control. In its first grants to community-based organizations for educational materials, the CDC included a line taken from obscenity law stating that any material produced needs to conform to community standards of decency. Some gay and AIDS activists objected, but there was little fuss surrounding this demand until the mid-80s, when the Los Angeles County Board of Health pulled a pamphlet on how to clean intravenous drug works saying it would be offensive to people who saw it. Suddenly it became clear that the community standards in question did not belong to the community to whom a publication was addressed, but to anyone who might come across it. In debates on every Aids-education funding bill that followed, Helms was able to attach riders prohibiting federal funding of any material that promotes ho mosexuality or promiscuity. His success stems from labelling such a pamphlet pornographic. You use that word, says Holly Hughes, and its like a blanket of panic has been thrown over the work that keeps you from seeing whats going on from seeing the lifesaving value of safe sex education, or, in the case of labelling our performances pornographic, from simply seeing what the work is like. According to Patton, Helmss ability to establish this obscenity precedent within public health added a pseudo-scientific basis to a more general queasiness about queer expression. I dont know if anyone ever said that Mapplethorpe is depicting things that cause AIDS, but there was already a public health doublespeak in place for imagining that. In terms of the NEA debate, Patton adds that people who defend the generally mainstream nature of the art the agency supports, talk about how this inappropriate art slipped through the cracks. Theres a tacitly homophobic implication in this image bad art snuck up from behind and buggered us. On a deeper level, theres a metonymic structure whereby public health concerns are available as a kind of justification: If obscene art can slip through this way, theres the possibility of other transmissions. It all adds up to a grand teleology: If degenerate art continues, it will end with everyone getting AIDS. Such degenerate art poses other threats as well, threats that have been decried throughout the centuries of antitheatricalism, and that are particularly tangible at this moment in American history. As borders dissolve, or are at least disputed, across the globe, the boundaries by which people situate and define themselves also enter a state of flux. The only boundaries people can rely on, it seems, are those delineated by their own skin. People steel themselves in gender divisions a major American preoccupation these days, as the abundance of scholarship and performances involving cross-dressing suggest. Confronting homosexuality challenges the certainty of such divisions, however, and calls into question the only distinction that seemed sure. Of course, theatre has always been a place of border-crossing, of transgression, as Plato and so many after him recognized. Attacks on theatre were most vicious when it flouted borders of sexuality, the most flagrant threat to the social order. In Histriomastix, for instance, Prynne charged theatre with impugning the moral precept of each individuals absolute identity. God, he rants, hath given a uniform and distinct and proper being to every creature, the bounds of which may not be exceeded Hence he enjoynes all men at all times to act themselves, not others. Its no surprise that much of what Prynne and his cohorts take issue with is the practice at the time of boys playing women, and of sexuality run amok. The category of homosexuality wasnt really available to them as a concept, explains Jonathan Goldberg, author of the forthcoming Sodometries, an examination of the spectacle of sodomy in the Renaissance. But its clear that theyre objecting to men having sex with each other, to a category of debauchery that violates certain limits. The current attacks,  says Michael Kahn, artistic director of the Shakespeare Theatre in Washington, D.C., are not about art. Theyre about sexuality. And thus as Kahn knows because hes currently directing Measure for Measure theyre also about government. As Michael Wamer, author of Fear of a Queer Planet, sees it, America is caught up in a deep cultural struggle over what democracy means. Will it be defined by the conservative view, which sees the highest possible degree of agreement among state, media and public opinion and implicitly, the arts as its greatest achievement? Where having more than 90 per cent of the populace supporting the Gulf War is seen as a sign of a good democracy? Or will we have a democracy defined by the greatest separation among state, cultural production and media, with little emphasis on mainstream or majority views? Where diversity flourishes? This is the question being waged on the battleground of the queer body. Artists are apt to lose if only because we tend to prefer the latter idea of democracy while insisting were full participants in the former. Artists are incredibly stupid about politics, suggests Tony Kushner. One reason Wildmon and Helms are so successful is that theyre right: The arts in this country do represent a largely liberal humanist viewpoint. You cant do a pro-Klan play in a resident theatre without everybody quitting. But were unwilling to articulate our ideology, to say: |Yes. This is what we stand for. Its the human way to be. In Measure for Measure the unruly polis is turned over to a law-and-order government, which tries to impose strict restraints on rampant sexuality, source of joy as well as transmitter of disease. Its clear enough that Angelos absolutist reign is cruel and ineffectual, though Shakespeare, naturally, doesnt offer any solution other than the ordering and restorative powers of theatrical art itself.

Wilfred Owen War Poems Essay Sample free essay sample

Explain how peculiar characteristics of at least two of Wilfred Owen’s poems set for survey interact to impact your response to them. Wilfred Owen’s war poems cardinal characteristics include the wastage involved with war. horrors of war and the physical effects of war. These characteristics are seen in the verse forms â€Å"Dulce Et Decorum Est† and â€Å"Anthem for Doomed Youth† here Owen engages with the reader appealing to the readers empathy that is felt towards the soldier. These verse forms interact to research the experiences of the soldiers on the battlegrounds including the worlds of utilizing gas as a arm in war and aid to foreground the wrong glory of war. This uninterrupted interaction invites the reader to link with the verse forms to develop a more thorough apprehension of war. Dulce Et Decorum Est uses strong imagination all through the verse form which entreaties to the readers imagination so that the reader can seek to understand the experiences of the soldiers. We will write a custom essay sample on Wilfred Owen War Poems Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page At the start of the verse form the imagination in the simile â€Å"like old beggars† and â€Å"coughing like hags† shows how the immature soldiers are yielding to the physical and mental autumn due to war and now appear old. Here through the pick of words such as â€Å"beggars† which conjures the reader to believe of the soldiers on their custodies and articulatio genuss followed by the word â€Å"hags† proposing the soldiers are old. Continued imagination I used in the following line of the â€Å"haunting flairs which we turned our backs† with the shells and gunshot go oning during the dark behind them even though the soldiers have stopped to rest. A comparing made between the soldiers and automatons is made in line six â€Å"Men marched asleep† connoting that the work forces are walking about in a robotic manner as if the Y were â€Å"designed† to go on walking despite the hurting and weariness. This imagination urges the reader to reflect upon the soldiers atrocious experiences and to see with this cognition how they feel about war. The action of the 2nd stanza of the gas onslaught sees a alteration of gait and a sense of urgency. The attending of the reader is grasped in the line â€Å"GAS! Gas! Quick. boys† and the craze of the line straight correlates to the craze involved during a gas onslaught. The usage of repetitant capitalization of the first â€Å"GAS† and the usage of exclaiming Markss creates this temper. The following line â€Å"An rapture of fumbling† adds to the current verse form ambiance with everyone groping to hold the masks on before being affected by gas. An anti-climax of helmets being fitted â€Å"just in time† misleads the reader into believing that the helmets all were put on successfully but in the undermentioned plosive concurrence â€Å"but† the reader now understands this is non the instance. Again in the last line Owen petitions for the attending of the reader with the personal pronoun and simile â€Å"As under a green sea. I saw him drowning† an image of the fog of green air in which the soldiers disappear in is generated in the head of the reader. The wake o the gas onslaughts is addressed in the last stanza. The reader is now apart of the verse form by the usage of the genitive pronoun â€Å"you too† that imposes the reader to sympathize with the injured victim. The victim is so described by the ghastly initial rhyme and vowel rhyme of â€Å"watch the white eyes wrestling in his face† that together heighten the vivid sight. The go oning imagination of â€Å"gargling from the froth-corrupted lungs† uses onomatopoeia to take the reader to believe that war is falsely glorified. The last lines â€Å"My friend. you would non state with such a high zest/ To kids ardent for some despairing glorification. /The old Lie: Dulce et decorousness est Pro patria mori† . Owen is proposing that the interlingual rendition of â€Å"Dulce et decorousness est Pro patria mori† . it is sweet and honorable to decease for one’s state is extremely dry. Owen’s word pictures of anguish and torment that sh atter semblances that war is glorious. The sarcastic references of â€Å"my friend† challenge the reader inquiry the wastage of war and its necessity. The construct of waste of human life and slaughter is present in Anthem for Doomed Youth. The first line â€Å"What go throughing bells for these who die as cattle† by utilizing the word cattle suggests to the reader the soldiers are deceasing en masse and conjures up an image of the soldiers being like meat. The personification and onomatopoeia of the â€Å"monstrous choler of the guns† and the â€Å"stuttering rapid ripples rattle† revels the human emotion of choler and the strength of these sounds described helps the reader to understand the sounds of the battleground. The 2nd quatrain of the octert uses the repetion of the words â€Å"no† and â€Å"nor† to reenforce what the soldiers are sing alternatively of the traditional spiritual rites and respects paid to those who have passed off. â€Å"No mockeries†¦no supplications now bells†¦nor any voice of mourning† expands the thought of what these soldiers do non hold and recognize Owen’s place in mention to the ferociousness of war with the reader experiencing empathy towards these soldiers who deserve to be treated more reasonably. The many religous mentions in the verse form such as â€Å"prayers† . â€Å"orisons† and â€Å"bells† exposes the manner soldiers will decease and how it is inhumane and without peace or formality. The lone choirs that soldiers will hear at their passing is the â€Å"shrill demented choirs of howling shells† the entreaty for the reader to conceive of this sound continues to assist the reader connect through Owen’s poesy with the soldiers. The Volta redirects the focal point of the verse form to the bereavement of the households and friends back place. The rhetorical inquiry in the first line of the six â€Å"what tapers may be held to rush them all? † draws and invites the reader to reengage with the terminal of the sonnet and the alteration of the temper that has been created. The tapers. usually held by the communion table boys in a funeral service have now been replaced by the cryings of the male childs at place â€Å"Not in the custodies of male childs but in their eyes/ Shall radiance the holy gleams of goodbyes† . The unfair intervention of the soldiers makes the reader feel upset by how they are treated and evokes a strong sense of understanding towards the soldiers. Anthem for Doomed Youth ends with the riming pair used at the terminal of the six â€Å"Their flowers the tenderness of patient heads. / And each slow twilight a drawing-down of blinds† signified by the simple pulling down of blinds is the bereavement of household and friends and symbolises the tradition of a house in mourning that contains a casket. This ultimately presents to the reader the darkness and conclusiveness of decease. Wilfred Owen efficaciously draws in the reader to react to his verse forms through the characteristics of the wastage. ferociousness and physical effects of war. Demonstrated in the verse forms â€Å"Dulce Et Decorum Est† and â€Å"Anthem for Doomed Youth† is how linguistic communication techniques and poetic devices can do readers develop a more indepth apprehension of the deceptive glory of war. In Owen’s poesy and his portraiture of war in peculiar through his description of the battlegrounds and soldiers experiences readers emotions are evoked which through Owen creates a linkage between the soldiers and the reader.